stage 2

[Crazyx4]

head bolts or studs?

 

[Squid4life]

Studs are preferred. Better, more accurate clamping force/torque.

 

[turbodave231]

Studs go to the bottom of the threaded hole and engage 100% of the threads in the block. Bolts by their design, must have clearance at the bottom of the hole and can never engage as much material. Studs spread the load out over a larger area.