If sealed, gasoline will last a long time. Our systems are not completely sealed. Two things can happen. It can absorb water and the ethanol will 'phase separate out'. This didn't happen to my car that was unused for about three years. If it does happen, it should be pretty obvious. Disconnect the fuel line from the pump and drain some gas out. If you see two layers or water drops, it's wet.
It can also go 'flat', loosing it's light ends. In that case, my car would bog on acceleration, but otherwise ran ok (no misfires). Topping off with fresh gas should fix this.
If you let gasoline evaporate out of a carburetor, it could leave behind some scammer material which will plug things up. The more additive in the fuel, the worse this can be.